For CBDC to become a widely used alternative to cash, its ultimate success will rely on the adoption by end-users, such as consumers and small to medium-sized businesses, who will use it for small-scale transactions. These individuals and small businesses will utilize CBDC as a payment method to settle their daily monetary obligations, replacing the use of cash. To use CBDC, consumers will need to have access to a CBDC-enabled smart card or smartphone, which allows them to participate in the CBDC infrastructure and ecosystem. Payments made through these devices will be immediately debited from the buyer’s account and credited to the merchant’s account, and the same process applies for peer-to-peer payments.